nurlinaatan: BBN3402SATU2020: MINGGU11 TERJEMAHAN VIDEO(6)

Tugasan berkumpulan

6. Definisi Operasional & Organisasi Kajian (Bab 1)

TEKS ASAL:

Seterusnya kita pergi 1.8 iaitu definisi operasional. Ini agak sukar ya. Kadang-kadang pelajar ni dia agak keliru. Operasional bermakna tentang definisi yang tentang kajian yang kita jalankan. Bukan definisi konsep. Bukanlah definisi macam contoh ada pelajar pergi buat apa makna wacana satu, lepastu apa makna skrip satu, tekstual satu, animasi satu, cerita satu, rakyat satu, melayu satu. Itu salah ya. Kita bukan nak definisi itu. Kalau definsi tiap-tiap satu mulalah pelajar akan rujuk kamus dewan ye. Dia rujuk semua jenis kamus. Tidak mahu! Jangan! Jadi operasional ialah tentang kajian kita. Jadi biasanya definisi operasional ni minima dua ataupun maksima, paling maksima pun tiga. Tentang bagaimana kita nak jalankan kajian ni supaya bila pembaca baca baru faham, oh ini maksud dia. Jadi kalau kita tengok tajuk ini, kita boleh ambil satu wacana tekstual, lagi satu skrip animasi cerita rakyat Melayu. Boleh. Kalau kita nak ambil, bezakan skrip animasi, jadi satu skrip animasi yang tiada kaitan pula. Skrip animasi apa. Jadi kita boleh teruskan untuk tajuk ni mungkin ada dua. Tapi tajuk yang lain mungkin ada tiga. Kalau kita ambil tajuk daripada kejuruteraan contohnya, mungkin operasional tu ada banyak. Sebab dia akan ada banyak dia punya pembolehubah dekat dalam tu. Kalau daripada apa nama yang kalau buat tesis sains pun begitu. Ada banyak pembolehubah yang membolehkan kita membuat definisi operasional supaya pemeriksa faham apa kaitan tu dengan dalam tesis tersebut.

Kalau kita tengok dari segi tesis dan bentuk ekonomi, pun begitu. Kita ada banyak dia punya pembolehubah. Jadi mungkin akan lebih daripada tiga. Jadi, untuk yang ini kita fokus kepada dua. Ni saya bagi contoh ya. Jadi awak boleh buat dalam macamni kemudian letak contohnya wacana tekstual. Tapi wacana tekstual yang awak nak kaji,nak buat definisi operasional ni mesti berkaitan dengan kajian. Mesti berkaitan dengan kajian dan pastikan bahawa bukanlah yang bermakna yang ni kena ambil dari rujukan. Rujukan daripada, perlu ada rujukanlah. Ini perlu ada rujukan. Ada satu cara, satu maknanya awak buat wacana tekstual berkaitan dengan kajian awak. Wacana tekstual yang berfokus kepada skrip animasi. Wacana ini, wacana tekstual ini akan dianalisis dengan menggunakan tiga elemen. Ni contohlah ya. Contoh tiga elemen iaitu kandungan, konteks dan andaian jadi wacana tekstual. Jadi menurut Normaliza Abd Rahim (2019), wacana tekstual apa dia apa dia apa dia. Bolehlah ada rujukan. Dan juga 1.8.2 iaitu skrip animasi cerita rakyat Melayu. Jadi ini kenalah yang berkaitan dengan kajian awak. Apa dia huraikan serba ringkas. Skrip animasi cerita rakyat Melayu terdiri daripada 20 cerita sebab dalam awak punya tesis, awak punya analisis 20 cerita. Jadi skrip animasi ini berbentuk apa dia, apa dia, apa dia jadi huraian. Mungkin yang ini skrip animasi cerita rakyat Melayu ini awak huraikan ialah kita nak berkaitan dengan kajian kita. Jadi memang tiada pula rujukan awak. Takpe, boleh diterima sebab definisi yang ini memang berkaitan dengan kajian awak. Jadi ada dua cara. Satu cara mempunyai rujukan. Ini ada rujukan, ini ada rujukan. Jadi yang kedua, tiada rujukan. Maknanya awak buat huraian, huraian tentang wacana tekstual tu dari segi konteks awak punya tesis.

Yang ini pun dari konteks awak punya kajian awak punya tesis. Jadi takde rujukan. Dua-dua boleh diterima tetapi macam yang saya katakan sebelum ini, rujuk penyelia. Kalau rujuk penyelia kata ada rujukan, letak rujukan. Kalau penyelia kata takpe saya percaya bahawa kalau takde rujukan pun saya faham dan ini sebenarnya tidak perlu rujukan kerana ia berkaitan dengan kajian awak. Bukan kajian orang lain, pun boleh diterima, macam saya katakan sebelum ini, kita ni berbeza pendapat, berbeza sekolah. Jadi different school of thought. Jadi pemikiran kita berbeza. Jadi pemikiran penyelia ada kalau sejuta penyelia, kita ada sejuta pemikiran yang berbeza. Jadi terpulang kepada penyelia. Jadi kalau macam saya, kalau saya tiba-tiba harini saya kata okay memang tak perlu sebab bagi saya definisi operasional ni tentang kajian bagaimana awak nak jalankan kajian. Nama pun operasional, operation ya. Jalankan kajian. Bukan kita nak definisi konsep. Bukan yang kita apa. Jadi kalau ada rujukan, pastikan kalau awak nak buat rujukan tak boleh. Ini tak boleh rujuk kamus.Dah kenapa nak rujuk kamus? Tak payah. Kena rujuk daripada kajian-kajian, bukannya rujuk kamus. Jangan kata menurut kamus bahasa dewan Edisi ke-empat, wacana tekstual ialah blaa blaa blaa. Tak boleh. Itupun kita tahu janganlah rujuk kamus. Dah kenapa kan. Jadi kita rujuk rujukan. Rujukan yang kajian-kajian daripada orang lain ya. Macam saya kata satu boleh rujukan kedua tiada rujukan pun boleh diterima dan terpulang kepada penyelia masing-masing. Jadi kalau dia terima tu yelah, akurlah, ikut cakap dia. Jadi sekarang ni kalau kita lihat setelah ambil definisi operasional, kita ada, teruskan iaitu kat belakang ni ada ye subtopik. 1.9 iaitu organisasi kajian. Okay, organisasi kajian ini sebenarnya terpulang kepada individu, pelajarlah dan juga penyelia.

Yang ini biasanya saya akan suruh untuk pelajar PhD. Pelajar PhD saya akan suruh letaklah organisasi kajian. Kadang pelajar Master pun boleh. Kalau dia tak letak pun takpe. Ini boleh pilih jika perlu. Organisasi kajian ini awak buat dalam bentuk perenggan. Jadi perenggan pertama apa ada dalam bab 1. Kemudian perenggan 1 apa ada dalam Bab 1. Perenggan 2 apa ada dalam bab 2. Perenggan 3 ni, kita nak organisasi kita. Kita nak buat secara ringkas supaya penyelia baca, dia macam oh bab 1 ada ni rupanya. Bab 2 ada ni rupanya. Bab 3 ada ni, jadi organisasi. Penyusunan tesis kita secara teratur. Jadi perenggan, perenggan, perenggan, perenggan dalam ringkas sahaja. Kerana macam saya kata sebelum ini, tiap-tiap kita ada pengenalan kan? Pengenalan tu kita dah katakan dah apa ada dalam bab tersebut. Tetapi dalam organisasi kajian ini kena nyatakanlah secara ringkas apa ada dalam tiap-tiap perenggan. Jadi untuk pelajar PhD, memang saya wajibkan supaya dia sendiri boleh faham apa ada dalam tiap-tiap bab. Dan juga kalau pelajar Master, bolehlah kalau dia nak buat. Kalau tak buat pun takpe. Pelajar bacelor pun takpe, diploma pun takde masalah kalau dia nak buat. Pokoknya, terpulang kepada penyelia. Dan akhir sekali, 1.10 baru masuk kesimpulan. Semua bab macam saya katakan tadi semua bab mesti ada kesimpulan. Takde kesimpulan manalah boleh. Kita nak simpulkanlah apa yang ada dalam bab tersebut. Jadi ada yang saya dapati tesis tak ada kesimpulan. Tergantung je macam ni. Bila tergantung habis je tanpa yang ini jadikan kita tengok tiba tiba dah masuk bab 2. Jadi tidak ada kesinambungan bab 1 dengan bab 2.

Macam bab 1 tu ada bab lain. Dia ni macam entiti lain pulak. Jadi takde kaitan langsung dengan bab 2. Tak boleh. Kita kena ada kesimpulan. Kesimpulan ni kita simpulkan apa ada dalam bab 1 dan juga ingat ayat akhir kita kena letak kaitkan dengan bab seterusnya iaitu bab 2 akan membincangkan sorotan kajian. Jadi bolehlah kita dapati bahawa ada kesinambungan antara bab 1 dan bab 2. Jadi serupa juga macam saya terangkan dalam bab-bab lain. Dalam bab kesimpulan mesti ayat akhir mesti ada kita nyatakan apa ada dalam bab seterusnya. Jadi penting ada kesimpulan ye. Tapi tulah macam saya kata kadang-kadang ada penyelia tak payahlah kita simpulkan. Mungkin itu dia punya pemikirannya berbeza. Macam saya katakan tadi different school of thought. Jadi bila berbeza takpelah kita redha dan kita terima. Okay, dah bab 1 ye. Kita dah bersemangat dah bab 1 kita ni. Maknanya kita dah habis bab 1. Lupa nak cakap halaman. Berapa halaman bab 1 ye Prof? Bab 1 ini biasanya halaman, halaman bab 1 biasanya kita dah masuk dia punya orang kata apa latar belakanglah, persoalanlah, kita punya masalah kajian semua tu lebih kurang 8 hingga 10 je. Itu yang saya kata bahaya sebab adakan pelajar dia letak sampai 30. Nak tau kenapa jadi 30? Bahagian masalah kajian tu pun dah 15 halaman. Itulah bila masalah kajian ada 30 halaman, dia akan jadi macam seolah-olah dia buat sorotan kajian. Itu dah salah sebab masalah kajian ni kita ambik yang betul betul penting masukkan kat dalam tu. Sedangkan kita tahu bahawa dalam bab 2 memang banyak ada jurang kat situ. Jadi itu pun semua adalah masalah tapi kita ambil yang penting sahaja. Jadi bila kita letak masalah kajian tu ada 30, bermakna memanglah jadi banyak 15 halaman, jadilah 30. Dah salah dah sebab yang penting sekarang ini dia akan jadi samalah dengan bab 2. Dia jadi masalah kajian tu panjang lebar, bersemangat sangat dia tulis masalah kajian, dia jadi 15 halaman. Yang lain tu memanglah sikit sikit dah jadi macam sorotan kajian. Dah jadi salah.

Jadi, macam saya kata tadi permasalahan kajian itu kita fokuskan ikut objektif. Objektif ada dua perenggan lah masalah kajian. Objektif ada tiga, tiga perenggan tapi padat, padat dekat dalam tu. Walaupun ringkas tetapi padat dalam tu. Jadi dah dikaitkan pulak dengan objektif. Tapi yang selebihnya sorotan-sorotan ataupun jurang penyelidikan yang lain mempunyai masalah ada dalam bab 2. Jadi pelajar pelajar boleh rujuk daripada situ. Yang ini kita buang letak lebih kurang macamni. Paling lebih pun lebih kurang 12 macamtu. Tapi janganlah kurang daripada lapan. Dah jadi macam kurang halaman lah pulak. Jadi lebih sikit sikit boleh. Kalau nak sampai 15 pun boleh diterima. Sebab mungkin dia semangat nak tulis latar belakang. Tak ada masalah. Tapi jangan lebih. Lebih sampai lebih daripada 15. 15 tu orang kata dah tak bolehlah. Kita takut dia jadi seperti macam saya katakan tadi seperti sebulat bulat bab 2. Jangan! Jadi bila bab 2 tu mulalah pemeriksa akan slash ini tak boleh, ini tak boleh. Dia potong potong potong. Saya kalau misalnya panjang sangat saya biasanya lipat halaman tesis tu saya tulis kat sini ini sepatutnya masuk bab 2. Sebab masa viva senang saya ingat yang saya lipat adalah setebal tebalnya. Yang tak ada kaitan pun dengan masalah kajian. Sebab dia berleter je lebih. Kat dalam tu entah apa. Menurut pendapat sayalah, bukan saya maksudnya pendapat dia, dia kata saya dapati bahawa pelajar ini dia memang tak sukalah belajar. Haduh, masatu baca kertas awak tu siapa yang awak kata awak dapati. Dia boleh tengok sekali. Tu yang dia kata pelajar tak suka mengira contoh dia. Dia dapati sekali tu pun dia tengok anak buah dia masih raya. Masa raya yang dia jumpa dua minit lepastu dia kata anak buah dia kau pergi main kat belakang. Haa itu dia. Jadi itu yang dia dapati budak itu taknak mengira satu sampai 20. Dia taktau bahawa hari raya sape pulak nak mengira 1 sampai 20. Kena pulak buat ujian. Kena ujian depan pak sedara. Nak kena baca sifir pulak kat depan tu. Kalau dia baca sifir dapat duit raya banyak takpe. Okay jadi kita ingat ye dalam bab 1 ini.

TERJEMAHAN:

Next we go to 1.8 which is the operational definition. This is a bit difficult. Sometimes this student is a bit confused. Operational means about the definition of the study we are conducting. Not a concept definition. Not the definition of a sample of students go there for what the meaning of a passage, lepastu what a script meaning, textual one, the animation, the story, the people one, wilt one. That's wrong. We do not want that definition. If the definition of each one starts, students will refer to the board dictionary. He referred to all types of dictionaries. Do not want! Don't! So operational is about our study. So usually the operational definition is a minimum of two or a maximum, at most a maximum of three. About how we want to conduct this study so that when the reader reads only understand, oh this is what he means. So if we look at this topic, we can take a textual discourse, yet an animation script Malay folklore. Yes. If we want to take it, differentiate the animated script, so it is an animated script that has nothing to do. What animated script. So we can proceed to this title there may be two. But other titles may have three. If we take a title from engineering for example, maybe there are many operations. Because he will have a lot he has variables close in there. If from what name if you do a science thesis so. There are many variables that allow us to make an operational definition so that the examiner understands what it has to do with in the thesis.

If we look at it in terms of thesis and economic form, so be it. We have a lot he has variables. So there will probably be more than three. So, for this one we focus on two. Let me give you an example. So you can do it in this way and then put for example textual discourse. But the textual discourse that you want to study, want to make this operational definition must be related to the study. Must be relevant to the study and make sure that it does not mean that this should be taken from the reference. Reference from, there should be a reference. This needs to be a reference. There is a way, one meaning you make a textual discourse related to your study. Textual discourse focused on animated scripts. This discourse, this textual discourse will be analyzed using three elements. Here is an example. Examples of three elements namely content, context and assumptions become textual discourse. So according to Normaliza Abd Rahim (2019), textual discourse is what she is what she is what she is. There may be a reference. 1.8.2 and also the animation script Malay folklore. So this must be related to your study. What he described briefly. Malay folklore animation script consists of 20 stories because the body has a thesis, an analysis of the body has 20 stories. So this animated script is in the form of what he is, what he is, what he is a description of. Perhaps this animation script Malay folklore this body we want to describe is related to our study. So there is no reference to you. Takpe, acceptable because this definition is indeed related to your study. So there are two ways. One way is to have a reference. This is a reference, this is a reference. So second, no reference. Meaning you make a description, a description of the textual discourse in terms of the context you have a thesis.

This is also from the context you have a study you have a thesis. So no reference. Both are acceptable but as I said before, consult a supervisor. If the supervisor says there is a reference, place a reference. If the supervisor says takpe I believe that even if there is no reference I understand and this actually does not need a reference because it is related to your study. It is not someone else's study, it is acceptable, as I said before, we have different opinions, different schools. So a different school of thought. So our thinking is different. So the supervisor's mind is there if a million supervisors, we have a million different thoughts. So it is up to the supervisor. So if you are like me, if I suddenly say okay today, there is no need for me to give this operational definition of research on how you want to conduct research. The name is operational, operation yes. Conduct a study. We do not want a definition of a concept. Not what we are. So if there is a reference, make sure if you want to make a reference can not. This does not refer to the dictionary. Why do you want to refer to the dictionary? No need. It is necessary to refer to the studies, not to the dictionary. Do not say according to the fourth edition of the language dictionary of the hall, the textual discourse is blaa blaa blaa. Can not. Even so, we know not to consult the dictionary. Why? So we refer to the reference. References that studies from others yes. Like I said one can be a second reference no reference can be accepted and it is up to the respective supervisor. So if he accepts it, agree, follow him. So now if we look after taking the operational definition, we have it, go on that is behind it there is subtopic. 1.9 i.e. study organization. Okay, the organization of this study is actually up to the individual, the student and also the supervisor.

This one I usually recommend for PhD students. My PhD student will ask you to set up a study organization. Sometimes Master students can too. If he is not located, he will not be able to. This can be selected if necessary. The organization of this study you made in the form of paragraphs. So the first paragraph is in chapter 1. Then paragraph 1 is in Chapter 1. Paragraph 2 is in chapter 2. Paragraph 3, we want our organization. We want to make it brief so that the supervisor reads, he looks like oh chapter 1 there is this apparently. Chapter 2 is here apparently. Chapter 3 is here, so organization. Regular preparation of our theses. So paragraph, paragraph, paragraph, paragraph in brief only. Because like I said before, each of us has an introduction, right? In that introduction, we have already said what is in the chapter. But in the organization of this study it is necessary to state briefly what is in each paragraph. So for a PhD student, I am obligated that he himself can understand what is in each chapter. And also if you are a Master student, you can if he wants to do it. If you don't do it, you won't get it. Bachelor students do not have it, diplomas do not matter if they want to do it. Anyway, it's up to the supervisor. And finally, 1.10 just came to a conclusion. All chapters like I said earlier all chapters must have conclusions. There is no conclusion where it can be. We want to conclude what is in the chapter. So I found the thesis with no conclusion. It depends on this. When it hangs completely without this one, it makes us see that it has suddenly entered chapter 2. So there is no continuation of chapter 1 with chapter 2.

Like chapter 1 there is another chapter. He is like any other entity. So it has nothing to do with chapter 2. It can't. We have to come to a conclusion. In this conclusion we conclude what is in chapter 1 and also remember the last sentence we have to put in relation to the next chapter that is chapter 2 will discuss the highlights of the study. So we can find that there is a continuation between chapter 1 and chapter 2. So similar is also as I explained in other chapters. In the conclusion chapter must be the final sentence there must be we state what is in the next chapter. So it is important to have a conclusion. But the plague like I said sometimes there are supervisors we do not have to conclude. Maybe he has a different mindset. Like I said earlier, different schools of thought. So when it is different, we must not be satisfied and we accept. Okay, dah chapter 1 ye. We are excited about our 1st chapter. That means we have finished chapter 1. I forgot to talk about the page. How many pages of chapter 1 ye Prof? This chapter 1 is usually a page, the page of chapter 1 is usually we have entered he has people say what the background is, the question is, we have a study problem all about 8 to 10 je. That's what I say is dangerous because there are students who put up to 30. Want to know why so 30? The problem section of the study is already 15 pages. That is when the problem of the study has 30 pages, he will be as if he is the highlight of the study. That is wrong because the problem of this study we take is really important to include in it. While we know that in chapter 2 there are many gaps there. So that is all a problem but we take only the important ones. So when we put the problem of the study there are 30, it means that there are so many 15 pages, it becomes 30. It is wrong because the important thing now is that it will be the same as chapter 2. He is the problem of the study at length, he is very enthusiastic he wrote the study problem , he became 15 pages. The others, of course, have become a bit of a study highlight. It went wrong.

So, as I said earlier, we focus on the problems of the study according to the objectives. The objective is to have two paragraphs of the study problem. The objective is three, three paragraphs but dense, dense close in there. Although simple but compact in tu. So it has been linked to the objective. But the rest of the highlights or other research gaps have problems in chapter 2. So students can refer from there. This one we put away more or less like this. At least about 12 kinds. But do not be less than eight. It looks like there are less pages. So a little bit more can. If you want to reach 15, it is acceptable. Because maybe he is eager to write a background. No problem. But do not overdo it. More to more than 15. 15 people say it is not allowed. We are afraid he will be like I said earlier like round one chapter 2. Do not! So when chapter 2 starts the examiner will slash this is not allowed, this is not allowed. He cut it into pieces. If, for example, I am very long, I usually fold the thesis page, I wrote it here, this should go to chapter 2. Because the viva time is happy, I remember that I folded it as thick as it is. Which has nothing to do with research problems. Because he is more talkative. I don't know what's inside. In my opinion, I do not mean his opinion, he said I found out that this student he really does not like to study. Oops, if you read your paper, who did you say you found. He can look once. That's what he said students do not like to count his example. He found that even then he saw his men were still celebrating. The time he met two minutes later he said his men you went to play in the back. Haa that's him. So that's what he found the boy did not want to count one to 20. He knew that Hari having feast, so who wanted to count 1 to 20. He had to go for a test. Got a test in front of you. I want to read the cipher at the front. If he reads the cipher, he will get a lot of public money. Okay so we remember ye in this chapter 1.

RUJUKAN:

Normaliza Abd Rahim (2019). Jom Tulis Tesis. Serdang: Penerbit Universiti Putra Malaysia.